Every inch of the Titanic through a single strand of fiber – Part 2

The 348ft (106m) Dino Chouest on the North Atlantic horizon.

Just as soon as the Dino Chouest has peaked its bow over the continental shelf the sun cracks over the horizon, time for the ROV’s first dive with their new high-tech additions. Not only will this be a shakedown for our cameras, but it will also be a chance for the ROV crew to set the right buoyancy and trim to properly displace the weight of the camera array that has been added on. As we hit the bottom, everyone’s eyes shoot to the screen that has all the cameras live feeds; this is the best screen on the whole ship as every inch of our survey lines will be flashing in front of our eyes three times over. While we are not yet at the Titanic, seeing the bottom, at over 500 meters below, for the first time is still an incredible experience. Throughout our test dive, we test many variations for height off the bottom, light intensities, and camera parameters. The many crabs crawling around act as our test subjects for a few hours as we work to get the sharpest images we possibly can. Imaging in complete darkness is a tremendous challenge, as every parameter you change affects another. Finding the right balance between ROV speed and height off bottom, while maintaining sharp focus and limiting motion blur all while retaining enough light in our images will be a dance we will do for the next few weeks on site.

Mounting cameras on the ROV for the trial dives

With trial dives over and a four-day journey ahead of us, there is no time to wait around — workflows for changing camera settings, data management, and exporting begin. Each morning we glance at the vessel’s navigation chart as we get closer and closer, signifying the amount of time we have to tackle what is at hand before the clock runs out. Constant talks about preferred lane spacing for the appropriate overlap surround us as we get closer, and survey lines start to get laid out on the grid of the wreck site. We’ll be separating the wreck site into boxes and within each box running lanes at three-and-a-half-meter spacing. This will ensure we retain enough overlap from lane to lane in order to render models, but also cover enough ground at a quick enough rate to image the site and debris field. As we arrive on site and the subs get prepared for their first titanic dive, final checks are done twice if not three times over. Cameras are mounted, cables are routed, and fiber is cleaned, with over a six-hour round trip journey from the bottom, the project can’t afford to be held back by unnecessary ROV trips back to the surface.

Prepping cameras pre-dive
Evan Kovacs and I dressing cables and securing housings before the ROV’s dive. Photo: Brett Seymour

Leading up to the first dive there were so many tasks I could distract myself with, whether it be becoming familiarized with the software we’ll be using or assisting with camera setup. However, once the ROVs finally splash and start making their way towards the bottom, not much can be done but wonder what the wreck will look like and what kind of debris we will come across. As soon as we reach the bottom, image quality checks and camera parameters are adjusted. Each time we make a change we make sure to export a few images to check our results before moving on to adjust the next camera. Finding the appropriate speed for the ROV to fly is of the utmost importance. Too fast we’ll get impacted by motion blur, too slow and we won’t cover enough ground to complete the survey area. With each change to ROV speed or camera setting, quality checks must start over again, in order to ensure our resolution is where we expect it to be; sub-millimeter.

The view from the ROV pilots seat.

We’ll be in constant communication with the ROV pilots over the next few weeks, as they’ll be calling out lanes and we’ll periodically have them adjust the height and camera tilt according to the frames we see on our camera feed, ensuring exposure and depth of field is ideal for the debris we come across. In the meantime, most of our lanes will be surrounding debris fields and we’ll get to the superstructures later. After the buzz about reaching the bottom dissipates and we make our first few passes, it’s time to head to bed. Brett and I will be in the control van from 12 AM to 6 AM while Evan and Josie will be from 6 AM to 12 PM, and then again from 12 PM to 6 PM and 6 PM to 12 AM. Imaging around the clock in these stints ensures the camera operator will always be sharp and aware of the feed in front of them, crucial for quality control. As we settle into our new routines and our bodies submit to our new alien sleep schedules, days begin to blur. It is amazing how you could be on a vessel in the middle of the North Atlantic and go days without taking a few minutes to stare off into the horizon to absorb your surroundings.

The second expedition ROV hovers over the Titanic’s bow.

As sunrises begin to blur with sunsets and single twenty-four-hour days start to feel like two, the lanes start ticking away. Getting closer and closer to the wreck we start to stumble into bigger debris. Entire sections of the ship and massive boilers that look as though they were made of paper and torn off from the tremendous force of the wreckage. Its always tricky to understand the scale of the objects, but a quick internet search reveals just one of the many boilers we imaged was taller and wider than the control van we were sitting in — truly incredible. Throughout our imaging, we consistently pull images from the servers for field renders. Not only does this serve as a quality check for our lane spacing and camera parameters, to ensure there are no holes, but it also captivates everyone who walks through our control van. As word spreads more and more people stop in to have a look at the live feed that flashes in front of our eyes 24/7, and look at the possibilities of future model creation.

“Painting in” the propellers while in constant communication with the ROV pilots. Photo: Brett Seymour

Many of the debris we came across we were able to image by continuing in our lanes and running three and a half meters off the bottom with the cameras facing straight down. With enough time of your eyes glued to the screen this way the camera feed finds its way to morph, and you start getting the sense you are right there on the bottom swimming along, just with three eyes instead of two that all seem to be blinking at their own rate. What was exciting to see at first like shoes, cups, luggage, and small debris becomes more and more prevalent as you make your way towards the wreck structures. Larger structures take time, patience, and constant communication with ROV pilots to image correctly. Giving them concise direction on ROV placement, camera tilt angles, and distance from the debris is critical to maintaining overlap while capturing the detail of an object for it to be able to be rendered successfully and not have any gaps or holes in coverage. While we are solely looking at our camera feeds, the ROV pilots have a plethora of monitors and controls to manage, from their lateral movements, vertical height adjustments, managing the tether connecting them to the ship, and all while not getting stuck, wrapped around any debris, or silting up the bottom cause us to lose visibility. The skill many of the pilots demonstrated in getting us close to complicated structures that seemed impossible to image was incredible. At certain points when imaging the propellers on the stern, we were under the overhang of the fantail, their efforts to get us in the best possible position are truly admirable. “Painting in” large structures as we began to call it, was a time-consuming component. Often structures would take hours at a time if not days, but running with lines would simply not produce good imagery for modeling as holes would be too prevalent, and light loss from the top-down view due to clearance would mean we would lose all image for a considerable amount of the object and or its surroundings. Throughout the weeks ROV pilots got a good sense of what distance and angles we were looking for while we started understanding where we could or could not fit, but it still never hurts to ask if we can just get a litttttlee bit closer!

ROV returns to surface after one of its last dives on the wreck site. Photo: Brett Seymour

With ROVs in the water until the last possible moment before turning back towards shore, it still feels surreal being able to witness all of Titanic. Every inch of the superstructure and major debris fields flashed before our eyes, from iconic bow shots to debris that told stories of those on board, now safeguarded in over two million images on servers in our control van. With a breakdown of equipment, cleanup of data, and packing up to do, our ride back to shore will be far from a cruise. As we switch back to our normal sleep cycles it seems almost impossible to think I’ll be awake for over six hours in one go. Even now I find myself remembering small memorable moments that seem to have gotten lost in the chaos of all the preparation and work at hand in the moment. It has been truly incredible to assist with an expedition of this scale and collect imagery of this caliber. My time spent learning and observing the experts around me such as Evan set up cameras and leave no stone unturned to achieve the highest possible quality will be an experience I will carry with me for a long time and am grateful to have!

Camera Shack and UHD 327 (ROV) team photo, concluding a successful expedition on RMS Titanic.
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A dive into this summers projects

A dive into this summers projects

One of the first projects I got to work on this summer was for the Cypress Island Aquatic Reserve where we were deploying artificial reef modules (ARMs). These reef modules were deployed on the south end of Cypress island and will remain there for a full year until they are collected and the growth on them is recorded. While we waited for the tides to hit slack, some of the REU interns took the chance to get in the water with us.

Waiting for the tides to hit slack, photos by Larkin Garden

Getting ready to deploy the ARMS

Another project that I worked on was on sea pens. This was a capstone project for Katie Shaw, one of the divers in the scientific dive class. She is working on developing a long-term dataset on sea pen populations. For the summer, we worked to to get initial population estimates and an idea of their special arrangements. This site was often a challenge to find due to strong currents and the site boundaries coming undone, but we were able to fix them and collect the data.

Sea pens. Photo by Larkin Garden

Out-planting 

The biggest project I had the chance to work on this summer was with the REU diving interns. Partnering with Puget Sound Restoration Fund and NOAA to reintroduce Pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) whose population has been declining and is listed as an endangered species. This project began with us driving out to pick up just over 500 juvenile abalone from the NOAA hatchery to prepare them to be introduced to the wild.

AAUS and diving REU interns at NOAA hatchery collecting abalone

Once we had them, we had to measure and place bee tags on them for future studies. This was a tedious process because the number tags are around 2.2 mm and the abalone wouldn’t stop dancing. Tagging and measuring all of them took around 5 hours of lab work which had me looking forward to the next part of the experiment that wasn’t in the lab.

To give an idea of how small these tags were  

The final part of the study was a 24 hour survey where divers went in every hour to count the number of abalone that had left the tubes. This was the big day for us this summer where we were finally beginning to collect data for this project. 

5AM start to the day loading up the boat. Photo by Teagan Cunningham

REU Ana counting the abalone. Photo by Larkin Garden

AAUS interns after their first abalone dive of the day

After 16 hours of being out at the site, we decided to cut the study short due to the abalone not leaving the tubes. We then decided to get some sleep before we went out at 9 the next morning to count again. We would then check the out-planting site every day for the next week until there was finally no more abalone inside the tubes.

Taking a break from the class, Derek and Nate decided to take us out for a fun dive out at Turn Island. This was a dive where I would get to see another species on my bucket list, a Giant pacific octopus. 

Jason Love and I exploring Turn Island

While staying at Shannon point, Teagan and I were invited to dinner with the 1999 OWUSS scholar Julie and her husband Jay. This was a nice chance to hear some amazing stories from them and have some amazing food.

Julie Barber, Teagan Cunningham, and myself

While on our way to watch REU presentations at Friday Harbor Lab, Larkin, Ana, Teagan and I got the chance to dive with Derek at Lime Kiln lighthouse state park. Here, we worked with Dr. Jason Wood and SMRU by deploying an acoustic release, uncrossing some cables, and moving a hydrophone. Some unique challenges we faced on this dive was a rough entry site and some strong current, but it was still an amazing dive and super cool to help on such an interesting project.

Acoustic release we deployed

Taking a break from the murky water of the Salish Sea, we took a trip up to lake Whatcom and got to enjoy some amazing visibility and help clean up some trash from the lake.

A close-up of a seabed

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Lake Whatcom’s clear water and the trash we removed

Before we all left Washington, we got the chance to try a blue water rig dive. This was something I wasn’t expecting us to do but it was an interesting opportunity and a new skill A red balloon and a white rope on grass

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The blue water rig ready to be deployed

Sadly, due to the visibility we weren’t able to see much on this dive but it was a good way to practice our communication skills and buoyancy. 

Captain Nathan Schwarck, myself, Teagan Cunningham, and Dr. Derek Smith

SPMC diving residents Teagan, myself, Ana, and Larkin

While I am sad that my internship has ended, I couldn’t be more grateful for the amazing summer I have had. Thank you to AAUS and OWUSS for such an unforgettable experience. I also want to thank Derek and Nate for putting in so much work to make the summer go as well as it did. Finally, I want to thank the SPMC dive team Teagan, Larkin, and Ana who were an integral part in making this summer so special. I look forward to presenting at the 2025 annual meeting and look forward to seeing everyone again

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The Final Splash

Friday Harbor Adventures 

July 30th, 2024 – All of the REUs and divers woke up bright and early to leave for the ferry to Friday Harbor at 5:45 am. We drove to a local nature preserve to walk around before heading to Lime Kiln. The tide was very low, and the fog rolled over the horizon. But a bunch of marine scientists still enjoyed looking at the shoreline! At Lime Kiln, our scientific dive team was assisting Jason Wood at the Sea Mammal Research Unit to deploy and move hydrophones that were capturing real time acoustics for marine mammals and noise measurements. We went down in two groups: Derek, Ayden, and Ana moved the smaller hydrophone deeper while Larkin, and I untangled the crossed cable wires disrupting the sound on the shallower hydrophone. Then the whole group moved the smaller hydrophone to a shallower, new location. It was very important that we timed the tide correctly and got our work done in a timely manner because the current was only slack for ~40 minutes. 

After the dive, we quickly made our way to the Friday Harbor Research Lab where we watched their summer REUs give their final presentations. Tim Dwyer gave Ayden and I a tour of the facilities including the labs and dive locker! Tim is a Bowdoin alum like me, husband to Megan Cook (2012 NA Scholar), and a teacher at Friday Harbor High School. I even met another Bowdoin graduate working on the Friday Harbor research boats: small world. As we were waiting for the ferry back to Anacortes, the group walked around Friday Harbor. It was a good time to pick up so small gifts to bring home to family and friends! 

The Last Week 

August 1st, 2024 – The dive team travelled to the WWU Lakewood Boathouse in Bellingham to dive Lake Whatcom. We pulled right up to the lake to unload dive gear, and it was truly a beautiful sight. We had the facilities to ourselves, and the surface water was so warm! It was about 63 degrees until 40 ft and then 42 degrees at depth. The stratification was crazy, but the water was so clear! It looked like the Caribbean. Ayden and I explored the lake and got to a maximum depth of 111 ft which is our deepest dive to date. We also assisted in collecting marine debris from right off the docks. The group found some interesting items including a bike and many pairs of sunglasses. 

Later that afternoon, we dove right off the SPMC beach to look for good spot to outplant our additional abalone. Nate suggested we outplant in an area near the end of the intake pipes. Since it was high tide and the intake pipes are covered in kelp and algae, it took us about 15 minutes to find them. We then followed the pipes to their end, towards the center of the bay and searched for a suitable habitat to place our precious abalone. The end of the intake pipes were close to the channel which has a lot of boat traffic including ferries. It was very important for us to stay at depth and properly place our dive flag float. On our way back to shore we saw a Giant Pacific Octopus hiding in the kelp! I almost touched it while I was detangling our SMB from some kelp because it was camouflaged so well! We were all so excited as it was on our Pacific Northwest bucket list.

August 3rd, 2024 – The Art Show in Anacortes was a nice way to round out the internship. The local artists really produce beautiful work from wood cravings to clothing to paintings. Some of my favorite pieces were the wood carved bathymetry maps of the Salish Sea and the abstract landscape paintings of the pacific northwest. Brian also took us to see the boat that was used in Pirates of the Caribbean because it was docked near SPMC. We spent the last week soaking up the beautiful WA summer weather.

August 7th, 2024 – On the Wednesday of our final full week in WA, the REUs gave their final presentations on their summer research projects. It was cool to see their final results and how their projects had developed as I had been hearing updates all summer long. The presentations were followed by an end of summer goodbye potluck. It was a full circle moment as we opened the summer with a potluck as well. It was crazy to remember back on that first day and realize how far we have come in our research, dive abilities, and friendships! Later that night, we did a sunset night dive at the Cabana (one of the location marinas). We took Holly and Will (two of the REUs) as well to snorkel. We saw a huge gorgeous white spotted rose anemone! The bioluminescence was also spectacular; we splashed around in the water for a while at the surface enjoying the sparkles. 

August 9th, 2024 – All the REUS left SPMC, and it was a sad weekend for Ayden and me because the commons felt so empty without them. Although, we had a couple incredible dives to look forward to over the next couple days! 

Enhancing my Dive Education 

August 8th, 2024 – As an additional part of our Scientific Dive Training, Derek instructed the group on blue water diving. Blue water diving is a branch of technical diving in which a rig system keeps the dive team together, and it is meant to be used for work in the middle of the ocean. Since this type of diving does not have a bottom and is usually not near reefs, artificial structures, or coastlines, it is very important for the divers to have excellent buoyancy. Derek set up the blue water rig and showed us how it works on land. It is a series of lines that are connected to a main system (wooden panel) with carabiner clips. A thicker line is connected to a buoy on one end, the main system in the middle, and then a light weight on the other end to hold the system in place vertically. The additional lines with the carabiner clips are what keeps the divers together. A group of divers go down and one diver stays at the main system and is the buddy for the other divers. The divers communicate with the main system buddy diver by tugging on their lines. A communication system defining how many tugs means what is predetermined. For example, 1 tug is I’m okay, two tugs is go up, three tugs is go down, and many tugs indicates a problem. For buoyancy control testing, the divers that are not in the middle at the main system were writing an essay on their slates. While writing the essay, buoyancy is not at the forefront of the diver’s mind, so it is easy to start descending or ascending by a ft or two without knowledge. It was the main system diver’s responsibility to make sure each diver was at the appropriate depth. We completed these skills in groups of four and rotated being the main system buddy diver. This was a great test of buoyancy while working, and I have to say my buoyancy is better than I anticipated! It was enjoyable to write an essay, or should I say journal entry, to reflect on my summer of diving while diving! This was our last dive as a complete dive team for the summer. It was bittersweet. 

August 11th, 2024 – Ayden and I woke up bright eyed and bushy tailed to texts saying the Derek could take us to Strawberry Falls. This dive site was on the bucket list for us as we had heard all summer that it has some of the most stunning anemones lining the wall. We had tried going to this location one other time this summer as a dive team, but the currents did not cooperate. Let me just say it did NOT disappoint! This must be my favorite dive of the summer and arguably ever. When you look up from about 60 ft deep you see what looks like a waterfall of small strawberry anemones cascading down the rock face. And if you swim 20 ft to you right then you see white metridium anemones flowing down the rock face. It was stunningly beautiful. If you descend a little deeper to about 80 ft, then there’s a ledge and then a huge drop off that goes down to hundreds of meters. You are quite literally swimming over the deep ocean and looking down into darkness. It is a very intriguing and eerie feeling. As an ocean lover, the deep was calling me. Whereas if I asked my mother what she would think about this experience, she would have been terrified. As we ascended and completed our safety stop at about 15 ft, we were surrounded by gorgeous kelp flowing in just a little bit of current. Every depth had something different. It was a truly amazing dive in every way. 

August 12th, 2024 – On the foggy morning of my last second to last day in WA, Derek, Ayden, Jeannie (WWU Student), Jason (WWU Student), Alex (from Puget Sound Restoration Fund), and I made our way to Deception Pass. We got there early before the slack to make sure we did not miss our very slim window. We watched small eddies form along the shoreline under the bridge which was a very cool site but slightly nerve racking because we were about to jump into those waters. Derek called the slack and gave us the green light to get into dive gear. Derek even gave us his AAUS flag, so Ayden and I could take pictures! And then we took a giant stride into Deception Pass. I was in awe as I looked up at the bridge towering above me. I was a little nervous descending but as soon as my head went below the surface my anxiety vanished. We stayed very close to the shoreline wall to avoid boat traffic and be able to grab onto the wall in case of excessive current. We saw some very cool tube anemones that I had never seen before as well as rose anemones, white metridium, rock fish, rare nudibranchs, and crabs! Towards the end of our dive, the current started picking up very quickly. We did hold onto the wall for a couple minutes before making our way towards the surface for a very cool kelp forest safety stop. All the divers got back onto the boat giddy from an incredible dive. And then just like that we dove Deception Pass! The legendary dive site that only a handful of divers have been due to the challenging conditions. The slack tide had to be timed perfectly because there is significant current and downwelling at this location. You must be an advanced diver and very cautious of boat traffic. I could not believe that I had just completed my last dive in WA! But it was a phenomenal last dive to have. It was a very full circle moment for me because during our first week, the first outing we did as a group was to Deception Pass. This dive was the perfect way to end my internship and fabulous summer of diving! 

Thank you so much to OWUSS, the AAUS Foundation, and SPMC for this extraordinary internship and the ability to advance my diving skills in one of the most beautiful states. I am so grateful I was able to be part of an impactful biological oceanography research project on abalone out planting and restoration! This research showed me how I can combine my love of ocean field work with diving! A very special thank you to Derek and Nate for being the best advisors I could have asked for all summer. Both are incredible dive instructors that showed me how beautiful cold water diving is. I am so appreciative of all the connections and friends I have made this summer and cannot wait to connect with so many of you again in the future. I am honored to be part of this ocean loving community! 

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Every inch of the Titanic through a single strand of fiber – Part 1

RMS Titanic, 2024

From its tragic sinking in 1912 to current day, the Titanic has retained its capture on audiences worldwide. Whether it’s through famous James Cameron films or recurring expeditions, the stories told have continually captivated audiences and embedded themselves into modern mainstream interest. The wreck now rests nearly two and half miles deep in the North Atlantic, split in two, the bow and stern sections sitting about two thousand feet away from one another. Surrounding the superstructures is a massive expanse of debris, littered with both artifacts and structural pieces from within the ship. 

For 2024, the expedition’s goals are to map and image the site like never before, surveying the area with both cameras and lidar, enabling future 3d reconstruction of the site and debris in situ with millions of images. Evan Kovacs, founder of Marine Imaging Technologies and National Park Service’s partner on the SeaArray – the state of the art multi-camera photogrammetry system – will be the Director of Underwater Photography on this expedition. Brett and I will be joining him along with his imaging intern Josie Clapp for the next month while offshore to collect imagery on the site.

Evan Kovacs preps the camera systems prior to departure offshore. Photo: Brett Seymour

Not without having my fill of lobster rolls and clam chowder along the way, I head up to Falmouth, MA — Marine Imaging’s headquarters — to meet Brett, Evan, Josie, and the remainder of the Marine Imaging team. Everyone is full throttle ahead at helping pack, arrange, and prepare for the upcoming expedition. Shortly after saying our initial hellos we all scatter to get as much done in the two days remaining onshore. I head to Providence to meet the Dino Chouest (the ship we’ll call home for the next month) and pick up the camera housings, while Brett and Evan head to Boston to set up servers and storage for the incoming overload of images.

I get into the Providence port just in time to watch the Dino make its way in and throw its line over. As I sit in the car waiting for the gangway to be lowered, I can’t help but be in absolute awe at the scale of all the ships and machinery running around the port. Troy Launay, the expedition co-leader greets me and gives me a thorough rundown of what has been done to the ship in preparation for such an expedition. Having the ship properly outfitted ensures it will be capable of having two ROVs in the water at a time. One of which will be flying with a lidar and magnetometer while the other will be running lanes with a photogrammetry array. As soon as the gangway is lowered Troy disappears onto the ship and arranges for the pelican cases with housing to be unloaded. With the precious cargo in my possession I return to Falmouth, sneaking in just one more lobster roll in on the way before the next month offshore.

The Dino Chouest in Providence the night before its departure. Photo: Brett Seymour

The next morning all hands are on deck preparing and packing every possible spare and necessary component for our trip, if only Marine Imaging’s shop could fit into one magical pelican case. Always better to have extras and not use them rather than be stuck on-site and out of options, with over a four-day transit time and multiple teams pushing to get a massive amount of area covered no one wants to be the cause of any setbacks. As soon as we arrive at the port and meet the Dino set up begins right away, but not without first doing a lap and getting acquainted with our new home, its many decks, and its many many stairs. This is the first time I get to check out the ROVs that will be diving, and they could not be more impressive, a true feat of engineering, and some of the most advanced ones in the world of deep-sea operations. With a lot of setups yet to be done we head to the back deck where we have been given a control van to make our headquarters for the duration of the expedition.

The servers that will hold each subsea image (and its duplicate backup copy) carefully get hoisted onto the ship using one of its many cranes, four petabytes of storage isn’t light. As the raids get set up and switched on the fans kick in and we start getting used to the immense noise and heat that will be generated just a few steps from our desks. Keeping the servers happy is of the utmost importance, the entire expedition relies on them functioning properly and safeguarding each image, and as we soon learn they heat up quickly. Constantly monitoring their internal temperatures and adding A/C units, inventive ducting, and fans all around seems to do the trick in keeping them at an appropriate temperature.  Once our storage system is setup, we quickly shift gears towards the cameras that will be acquiring all the data.

Servers onboard the Dino surrounded by inventive ducting to keep them cool. Photo: Brett Seymour

Taking an image on the ocean floor over two miles deep is no simple feat, but depth plays a relatively minor part in relation to the challenges of maintaining camera control and communication, all of which is done through fiber optics. The ROV runs fiber from the sub to the surface in its tether, on either end that fiber is split to accomplish many tasks from control to backups for cameras and ROV function alike. With multiple components on the sub needing fiber for control and a limited amount in its tether, cameras make up just one of the strands of glass fiber that will make its way from the ocean floor to our control van. Both at the surface and on the bottom this single strand is split numerous times, each camera runs a fiber into a control bottle that then merges them and delivers a single strand to the control van, which then needs to be reseparated by wavelengths to regain control and communication which each individual camera. Its effectiveness all comes down to the amount of light that can be delivered, and each connection decreases its efficiency. At a certain point from either too many connections or the connections themselves being dirty the amount of noise (loss) is too high and camera communication is lost altogether.

The single fiber running from the ROV into our camera shack. Photo: Brett Seymour

With the entire project relying on these strands of glass fibers you can imagine the nerve-wracking stress that comes with dealing with them, whether it be to disconnect/reconnect them, route cables, or secure them to the sub. Exposure to dealing with them constantly helps dilute the nerves, but even better is watching a professional like Evan deciding on a whim to redo nearly all the connections at any given moment to get rid of as much light loss as possible.

ROV getting ready for its first test dive at sunrise. Photo: Brett Seymour

With fiber connected and cleaned everywhere it can the little time remaining is spent learning the software we’ll be using to control camera parameters and record data to the servers. One of the many screens that will be sitting in front of will show us live feed from the three cameras on the photogrammetry array so we are able to adjust parameters like aperture, shutter, and focus on the fly depending on proximity, speed, and light availability. We head to bed after a blur of days spent packing, unpacking, and getting acquainted with our new home. No one will be sleeping for long as we have just left port and in a few hours get to drop the ROVs off the continental shelf for their first shakedown with the cameras in some deeper water. After that it will be a four-day transit before we reach the Titanic wreck site, where I’ll be writing again!

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EXPLORING THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST DEPTHS

On May 30th I began my adventure as the 2024 American Academy of Underwater Science (AAUS) Mitchell Scientific Diving Research Intern for the Our World-Underwater Scholarship Society (OWUSS). The first leg of my journey began in New York City where I got to attend the 50th anniversary of OWUSS. This was my first introduction to the society, so I was definitely a bit nervous. The nerves quickly went away after the first event which was lightening talks with previous scholars and interns. These talks were a great way to hear about where previous interns and scholars are now and where I could be in the future.

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2024 OWUSS interns with internship coordinator Claire Mullaney

Along with all the amazing OWUSS events in New York, I was also able to attend world oceans week at the Explorers Club. While there, we got to interact with individuals from all over the world who were working towards preserving the world’s oceans. I found it incredibly fascinating to hear about everyone’s unique backgrounds and their different approaches to educating others about our oceans and promoting conservation strategies. We also got the chance to hear from some amazing people like Dr. Sylvia Earle.

2024 Blue generation group

After New York, I was even more eager to begin my internship on June 10th. With a 6AM flight from Boston, I finally took off for Washington. As I left the east coast and everything I knew, I was excited, but a little nervous. This was going to be my first time on the west coast, and I wasn’t sure how similar diving would be to back home or what it would be like living at a marine center.

I spent my summer at Shannon Point Marine Center (SPMC) along with the 2024 AAUS Somers intern Teagan Cunningham; two Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) diving interns, Ana Hoffman-Sole and Larkin Garden, as well as six other REU interns Will, Holly, Angel, Mackenzie, Amy, and Kelita; and two Western Washington University art residents Birdie and Myrie. This summer, I got to work with a few local organizations on underwater projects as well as help the scientific diving class attain their AAUS scientific diving certification. This was also a chance to improve my diving and leadership skills by assisting Dr. Derek Smith, the laboratory manager and research assistant professor, as well as Capt. Nathan Schwarck, the Dive Safety Officer (DSO), as they teach the AAUS scientific diving course. 

Upon arriving at SPMC, after unpacking everything and introducing ourselves, some of the REU interns and I wasted no time and decided to go for a swim at sunset where the water was a brisk 52°F. Little did we know that this would become a regular event throughout the summer.

A sunset over a body of water

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My  first sunset on the west coast

One of the first things we did in the scientific diving class was the swim test. This consisted of a 25-yard swim on a single breath, a 400 yard swim in under 12 minutes, 10 minutes of treading water, and finally towing a buddy 25 yards. After the swim test, we got to try out the gear we would be using for the summer. 

After we had finished swim tests and pool skills, we went out to Rosario beach to complete the open water checkout portion of the class. This was my first time getting into the water out west and getting to see what it was like. Unfortunately, the visibility that day wasn’t the best, so I didn’t get to see anything too exciting, but it was still nice to get into the water and begin exploring what the west coast has to offer.

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2024 AAUS interns. Photo by Derek Smith

Helping with the scientific diving class was a great experience for me because it has allowed me to share my own personal experiences from when I took the class myself. I was also able to help some students in the class get past some troubles that I encountered myself and that was a rewarding feeling. 

Taking a break from the water, the art students, REUs, Teagan and I got the chance to see some cool sites around Washington. This was especially cool because aside from the art residents, most of us had never been to the west coast. The first place we got to explore was Deception Pass. 

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2024 REU, art and AAUS interns at Deception Pass 

Sharing a common room and kitchen with everyone was a great chance for all of us to become close and have some great bonding experiences from making meals together to watching the local wildlife dance outside.

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Some entertaining deer outside the common room

Another great opportunity for us to become close was getting a tour around the islands. We were taken out on the SPMC research vessels Magister and Zoea for a day where we got the chance to see some seals, eat lunch on one of the islands, and get a glimpse of some orcas which was a bucket list item for many of us.

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View from RV Magister and picnic on the island

Photos by Teagan Cunningham

While staying at SPMC, Teagan and I got a chance to work on some of the behind-the-scenes aspects that go into a scientific dive class. The first of which was helping Capt. Nate Schwarck with visual inspections for most of the tanks at Shannon Point. This was a great learning opportunity and a fun way to learn more about what goes into being a DSO at a marine lab.

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Assisting Nate with visual inspections. Photo by Teagan Cunningham

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Underwater Friends

24 Hours of Abalone 

Hi all! I’m back with some exciting new updates. The primary research project I am working on this summer is abalone restoration with a focus on abalone outplant density dispersal and predation. Larkin, Ana, Ayden, and I are working with Josh Bouma at the Puget Sound Restoration Fund on Bainbridge Island near Seattle, WA. Josh has given us 600 abalone to outplant further North near Shannon Point Marine Center. We are out-planting 527 one year old abalone in 6 PVC tubes with varying densities: 37 count, 75 count, and 150 count. Our pinto abalone also known as Haliotis kamtschatkana are native to WA and endangered. They are a type of sea snail that can grow up to 6.5 inches in length. An outplant site was chosen to give the abalone the highest chance of survival: rocky reef habitat, about 30 ft deep, with significant encrusting coralline algae. The goal was to have two divers go down every hour on the hour for 24 hours to count the number of abalone in each tube as well as identifying any abalone outside the tube. 

July 11th, 2024 – In preparation for our night abalone data collection dives, our scientific dive class did a 3 am night dive at our abalone outplant site. The dive had to be at 3 am because the currents were above 0.5 knots at every other time while the sun was down. This meant a very early wakeup and a cold entry and exit. Although, we did witness a beautiful sunrise on our drive back to the marina and had a filling breakfast in town after rinsing gear! 

July 12th, 2024 – Derek, Larkin, Ana, Ayden, and I drove to the Puget Sound Restoration Fund to meet Josh in person and collect our baby abalone! We got to see the abalone hatchery and growth process! Once collected, the abalone must be tagged with very small, numbered bee tags and out-planted within ~48 hours. Eight people spent 7 hours tagging 527 abalone on July 14th. It was a very tedious process including glueing the 2 mm tags to the 5 mm dancing abalone and measuring their shell size. 

July 15th, 2024 – The big day!! Derek, Nate, Larkin, Ana, Ayden, and I have spent the last few weeks preparing for our 24-hour adventure. Preparation included picking our dive site, scouting out our tube placement, finalizing our methods, retrieving and tagging the abalone, current monitoring, and meal prep. At 4:30 am, we went down to the lab to pick up our abalone and we headed to Skyline Marina to load the boat. We arrived at the dive site at about 5:30 to find the opposite conditions the forecast predicted: dense fog, moderate breeze, and decent current. We were supposed to begin our tube deployment at 6 am but held off due to conditions until 7:30 am. Then, we were off! Our first abalone count started at 8:45 am. Each hour ~5 to 15 abalone left the tubes with the data plateauing around early evening. We had 9 divers complete these dives, but it was primarily 4 divers: Larkin, Ana, Ayden, and me. We on average did 2 dives followed by 4 hours off, give or take an hour. We also observed MANY predation events on our precious abalone. Amphissa were the primary predator we noticed. Amphissa is a genus of small sea snails. It’s interesting that the Amphissa eat the baby pinto abalone (also a sea snail). It was so cool to catch some of these predation event on camera because Josh mentioned they at the Puget Sound Restoration Fund have never been able to capture one. At around 1 am, the currents started picking up, everyone was exhausted, and we were not seeing major changes in the data. It was decided that we would come back at 10 am on July 16th to continue counting. We then did 1-2 dives every day until all the abalone had left the tubes. We had been up for 22 hours straight and then were back at it less than 7 hours later! We had a sick set up with two research vessels anchored and tied together, hammocks, a ton of snacks, and people visiting us throughout the day with reinforcements. Our dive site was so beautiful, so we never got sick of it even 48 dives later! The dives averaged around 15 minutes at ~20 ft. It was so rewarding to help complete this diving research project start to finish, and it generated a whole lot of memories. 

Seapens & Friends

July 2nd, 2024 – Back tracking a little, in early July our scientific dive class started collecting data for a seapen population density project. Katie (WWU student) was spearheading this project as an undergraduate capstone project. We mapped out four 10 by 10 meter squares ~ 2 meters apart with meter tapes in a random location in Burrows Bay, Anacortes, WA. Our goal was to count the total number of juveniles and adults in each quadrat giving us a quantitative population density estimate. So far, we have done 5 dives at our seapen site. This site has proven to be a different location to conduct research with significant current in an unprotected area of Burrows Bay. Our data was unusable on two occasions, but we believe we have sufficient data now! We also did a seapen night dive in which we were on the hunt for phosphorescent seapens. We did not find any, but we did experience the most bioluminescence I have ever seen. Ayden and I spent a good 7 minutes waving in each other’s faces to produce it. Unfortunately, bioluminescence doesn’t come out on camera, but it looked like a star rave. 

July 25th, 2024 – In addition to the checkout dives, night dives, and data collection dives with habitat structure and quantification, there is a deep dive requirement for the AAUS scientific diving certification. We have done two deep dives so far: one at Turn Island to 60 ft and one at Sares Head to ~100 ft. Our focus was deep dive safety, nitrox mixes, and narcosis symptoms. We completed a worksheet with basic questions about our lives, pop culture, and math calculations to see if any of us experienced symptoms of narcosis at depth. Larkin and I did feel some symptoms of narcosis making us giggle but not disrupting our decision making ability. 

While diving has been my primary focus this summer, I have also had some amazing experiences above water. The Shannon Point in-residence summer crew (REUS, Art students, OWUSS Interns) has taken the WWU van or boat around WA to some awesome views including Deception Pass State Park, Deer Harbor on Orcas Island, Mount Erie, Guemes Island, Mount Baker, Orca watching, and Friday Harbor. Every experience was gorgeous and so memorable, I can’t pick a favorite. On June 18th, I saw a pod of orcas for the first time!!! And then we saw a lone orca from the beach only about 100 yards offshore not even a week later which was insane. We went to Deception Pass State Park the first week which was an amazing first view to see. On July 27th, we hiked the Heliotrope Ridge trail to the glacier viewpoint on Mount Baker which was arguably the most jaw droppingly beautiful hike I have ever been on. Friday Harbor was also stunning. I’m a sailor, so the gorgeous sailboats were definitely an eyecatcher for me! I’d like to give a thanks to Brian, Derek, Nate, and Brady (WWU Faculty) who have driven us countless times in the van because none of us had cars (most of us are from the East Coast). 

The REUs also have workshops and lectures every Monday which Ayden and I are gladly participating in as well! These include communications workshops, lab workshops, and snacks and tracks. My favorite workshops so far have been the image analysis and ROV (remotely operated vehicle) workshops. We identified sponges by on microscope analysis including Leucilla nuttingi and Aphrocallistes vastus. Later, electronic ROVs were built out of PVC including wire connections for the motors. Snacks and tracks are one hour lunch discussions in which SPMC faculty or local business people come to talk about their academic and work journeys within marine science. It has been a great place to ask questions about graduate school and finding work opportunities post-grad. Thank you so much to Brian Bingham, the Director of Marine and Coastal Science at SPMC, for organizing these informative sessions! 

July 13th, 2024 – The REUs, Derek, Ayden, and I loaded the trailer with sea critters to take to a local park for “Kids R Best Fest”: an Anacortes event for families to learn about local businesses and enjoy a nice summers day. Our booth set up was for kids to get to experience and learn about marine life in a hands-on way. We spent a couple hours the day before preparing the animals and our outreach plan. The tanks were organized in terms of habitat or organism: rocky reef, intertidal, crabs, sea cucumbers, and sea stars. The children were primarily ages 3-12 and very interested in touching as many animals as possible. I would say the sea stars and urchins were the top hits! It was so cute to see the children’s faces light up as I placed each animal in their hands. Some of the older children, future marine scientists, even had thoughtful questions.

July 26th, 2024 – Jay Dimond (SPMC Research Assistant Professor) and Julie Barber (OWUSS NA Scholar in 1999) have also been very welcoming. They hosted Ayden, Angel (REU student), and I for a lovely homecooked meal. Julie made the most delicious salad I have ever had!

I have about 2 weeks left of my internship, and I am determined to make the most of it. I cannot believe how fast my time in WA is going! The Pacific Northwest is so beautiful!! 

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Working Behind the Scenes on Divers Alert Network’s Marketing Team

The Divers Alert Network’s (DAN) marketing team has three main departments: social media outreach, marketing/communications, and videography. Working across these different areas meant that I got to learn a variety of skills that I could use in combination with each other during my time at DAN this summer. These skills will also be so useful moving forward in my career!

Photos of DAN Interns after diving the Saint Andrews State Park Jetties in Panama City, Florida.

My primary job was working in social media outreach, where I came up with and developed all of the new social media posts for DAN’s accounts on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter (X). This was super fun because I was able to have some creative freedom in delivering the content that DAN wanted to share on its platforms. I started experimenting with different methods like detailed graphics, Instagram reels, photo album-style posts, and many others. After posting, I would typically analyze the feedback and see what was working best to bring in new viewers instead of the same DAN followers watching our content over and over.

This was very interesting, and by the end of my internship, my posts were reaching 70,000 people — 40-50% of which were non-followers, which is huge for DAN! Some of the posts I worked on are shown below, but go check the rest out on DAN’s social media accounts!

Examples of some of the social media posts that I developed. For more posts, visit DAN’s Instagram.

My work in the marketing department also consisted of helping prepare and collaborate on displays for promotional efforts. This included planning giveaways for dive events across the country, and setting up and packing banners and posters for DAN representatives to take to different conferences and shows to promote DAN. This was always fun because I got to see what the DAN reps would be advertising and how they promote to new divers.

DAN Interns and other DAN employees visited NEDU (Navy Experimental Diving Unit) in Panama City, Florida. On our DAN Intern Florida trip, we visited many diving brands and manufacturing facilities.

Another campaign I worked on with DAN targets student divers. Year after year, more and more divers are getting their certification cards with different instructors and entering the world of diving. With the company’s current marketing materials, most students think that DAN is just an “insurance company” for divers, and most of them truly don’t see a reason to purchase insurance or even look into the mission of DAN.

DAN is now trying to figure out how to properly teach these incoming students what their brand is and what they have to offer. I helped come up with new ways to show students, while they are still in training courses, that DAN is way more than an insurance company and just how important being protected while diving can be for them! This was so fun, and I hope to see more of DAN in my future diving courses.

Some of the filming equipment I used to film the DAN DEMA video.

I have worked on social media teams and marketing teams before, but I have never had the chance to work in large-scale videography until I was assigned a project to help film for one of the videos DAN will be showing at DEMA this November. DEMA stands for “Dive Equipment and Marketing Association” and is one of the largest diving conferences! The video I worked on is about what DAN does for their interns and how this internship is so important to the mission of Divers Alert Network. So I was exceptionally excited to have a part in putting this video together!

Behind-the-scenes photos of me filming for the DAN DEMA video.

I filmed a lot of “behind-the-scenes” (BTS) shots of the other interns working on research assignments, touring different facilities, diving and setting up dive gear, doing one-on-one interviews, working with participants at research studies, and much more. I definitely was not on my own for this project, as I had the help of DAN’s Multimedia Designer, Kyle Habecker. This project was so awesome, and I am so proud to say that I had a part in the final outcome of this video! Stay tuned for the final video at DEMA in November 2024!

Behind-the-scenes filming the interview between Francois Burman and Mark Gresham.

I also filmed many other promotional videos for DAN, where I got to practice setting up film sets like the one pictured above. This was something that I had never gotten the chance to do before. I filmed interviews (like the one pictured above) between DAN representatives and people who came in to speak about dive-related topics. The behind-the-scenes photo above is from an interview I helped film between Francois Burman (from DAN) and Mark Gresham (from PSI-PCI). They talked about safety practices for cylinders and other really interesting topics!

All in all, this internship has truly helped me advance my skill set in marketing as well as diving, and I am so honored that I got the opportunity to work with such an amazing team. The experience I have gained this summer will help me greatly in my future career, and I am excited to see where it takes me!

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Skimming the surface at Isle Royale NP

Situated on Lake Superior’s northern border with Canada and only accessible by either ferry or seaplane, you can’t haphazardly add a stop along your route to visit Isle Royale. The 45-mile-long island designated as a wilderness area is home to over 160 miles of trails in which only moose, wolves, and few hikers roam, without a single car in sight. Most commonly, backpackers prepare for the 4-5 day traverse from Rock-Harbor to Windigo on either end of the Island connected by the 40-mile-long Greenstone Ridge Trail. It’s safe to say far fewer visitors come to dive the many shipwrecks scattered around the island, as Lake Superior’s waters consistently hover around 40 degrees even in summer months. Given that I’ve only recently been introduced to diving in a drysuit and am a newly minted rebreather diver, I won’t be joining the SRC below the surface on a working dive quite yet, but I am looking forward to seeing the SeaArray system in operation and providing topside support. 

The Ranger III docked in Houghton, MI before departing for Rock Harbor

I leave Miami so early in the morning I feel that I might still be dreaming. Finally, the much-anticipated long day of travel is here. Aside from a few emails and phone calls, I still have yet to meet anyone from the SRC team. It was at a short layover in Chicago that I met Brett Seymour, SRC Deputy Chief and Audiovisual Production Specialist, for the first time. From there, we board a smaller plane heading into Houghton, Michigan where we would then catch the Ranger III ferry the following day to get to Isle Royale. It’s always a great sign of what’s to come when you trade bigger planes for smaller planes. Once we arrive in Houghton, we head to the dock to greet AJ, an Archaeologist with the SRC who is heading back from Isle Royale after assisting the park with buoy maintenance. We load up the coolers and head to the grocery store to tackle my most dreaded task; stock up on all the food I could possibly need for the next week on the island. A few panic buys and countless extra aisle pass-throughs later, and I manage to fill up a cooler that I am confident will last me at least a week. 

A family of Geese take a morning swim around Mott Island.

The next morning, we pick up David Morgan, a Senior Archaeologist with the SRC, who flew in straight from a family vacation in Mexico to join Brett in diving and gain cold water dive experience (talk about a temperature difference). Once all our bags and coolers make it onto the Ranger III, we board and do a lap around the ship to get accustomed to its Wes Anderson-esque design and the many seating options it has to offer for our six-hour journey to Mott Island — home for the next week. Jim Nimz, SRC Dive Operations Specialist, is already on Mott Island after completing various National Maintenance Dive Team tasks the week prior. We spend the evening settling into our dorms, unpacking our food, and becoming acquainted with our surroundings. Because the sun only sets around 9:30 PM, I’m able to squeeze in an evening hike to get to see some of the park’s gorgeous scenery and rocky shores. 

Preparing the SeaArray another day of imaging Photo: Brett Seymour

Seth DePasqual, the Cultural Resource Manager at Isle Royale, joins us each morning to discuss our field plans, the park’s priorities, and how SRC can help achieve them. Most of our days over the next week will be spent at the Glenlyon shipwreck, a 328-foot freighter powered by a triple expansion steam engine that sunk after striking the reef during a storm in 1924. The stern and bow sections sit to either side of a shallow relief fittingly named Glenlyon shoal, where the freighter initially ran aground and split in two. Due to the size of the site and the depth range from one section to the other it typically requires at least three imaging dives to piece together the entire wreck — stern, bow, and shoal in the center connecting the two.

Preparing the SeaArray system for the long days ahead, I’m fortunate to go through the setup piece-by-piece with Brett. He has meticulously developed and refined the system over the past four years alongside Evan Kovacs from Marine Imaging Technologies. Each component of the camera array is uniquely selected for ease of use in harsh field conditions, where divers are commonly wearing dry suits, gloves, and thick undergarments greatly limiting their dexterity and mobility. There is a fine balance throughout the system — components need to be robust enough to deal with the wear and tear of extensive field operation yet be replaceable and interchangeable if damaged. Maintaining a modular design, its arms can be folded in, letting it fit through dive doors and limit its footprint on valuable deck space while aboard the Cal Cummings (SRC’s Vessel). In combination with UWIS (a subsea positioning system), real-time location can be relayed to the diver on an underwater iPad, assisting with navigation across big sites and revealing track lines to show coverage and areas that may need more passes. 

(from left) David Morgan and Jim Nimz preparing for a shakedown dive / weight check at Mott Dock

Throughout the week, I start each day with a hike on Mott Island, exploring trails, encountering moose, and enjoying the island’s gloomy weather. It’s no surprise many ships have run aground on the surrounding shoals; fog and weather can roll in quickly, reducing visibility to near zero. Depths can drop to just a few feet even miles off the coast. The island’s lighthouses often appear and disappear in the fog, evoking the eerie experience of those who were once on the now-sunken ships. Given the unpredictable conditions of Lake Superior, we maintain constant radio communication to ensure safety, relaying position, status, and ETAs with dispatch centers via the island’s radio repeaters.

Valuable deck space aboard the SRC Cal Cummings Photo: Brett Seymour

Between our daily trips to the Glenlyon, we take a day of long motoring to Windigo, where the SS America, a 182-foot freighter that ran aground in 1928, lies at the entrance of Washington Harbor. This ship is largely intact and sits with its bow in only four feet of water, while the stern reaches approximately eighty feet. The large variation in depth makes imaging difficult as it greatly impacts buoyancy and available light. While I’m not typically used to being on the boat while others are diving, the unforgiving nature and challenge of diving in Lake Superior is not a place to be trying multiple new things out all at once. However, the allure of diving in such a challenging environment is something I am determined to take part in in the future. Funny enough, I can still say I managed to take a dunk in Lake Superior. My overcommitment to hook a subsurface buoy while not hooking my leg on the gunnel taught me a valuable lesson. And yes it’s cold…very cold.

Moments before SeaArray enters the water at Glenlyon wreck site. Photo: Brett Seymour

With a week’s worth of imagery collected, every evening is spent combing through images, running preliminary alignments, ensuring backups, and preparing SeaArray for another long field day. Having the ability to process data in the field is not a luxury I am accustomed to, and having portable computers that are powerful enough to run models throughout the night is an incredible asset. Talking through various processing methodologies and data organization surrounds the background of most of our nights, as the desire to streamline and perfect any workflow is always constant and never-ending.

(From left) David Morgan runs Jim Nimz and Brett Seymour through thorough checklists before entering the water on the Glenlyon.

Our last days at Isle Royale are spent repacking the numerous Pelican cases of equipment like tetris into the trailer that will be loaded back onto the Ranger III and towed with us to Denver. We get to meet with the park’s superintendent, Denice Swanke, with whom the SRC summarizes what it has accomplished, what work remains, and future goals. It is apparent that the SRC is first and foremost at the service of the park it is visiting, keeping the park’s priorities at the forefront while managing to accomplish imaging in conjunction with other tasks. Once the crane on the Ranger III picks the loaded trailer up to its deck, the long road back to Denver begins: a day and a half of continuous driving with a short pit stop just outside Minneapolis. David Morgan and I take turns driving behind Jim and Brett who are towing back the Cal Cummings. On the home stretch, one of the trailer tires blows out as though just to keep us on our toes. 

Once in Denver, the unpacking begins, or rather the repacking. Dave, Brett, and Jim are headed to Alaska in a few days and much of the equipment coming out of the trailer will be organized in a pile to head there with them. Dave Conlin, SRC Chief, shows me around the new dive locker, a massive area where things are currently staged as they are being moved from the old headquarters. Building shelves, organizing equipment, and making sense of what belongs where keeps everyone busy over the next few days. 

This trip has given me a glimpse of the operating tempo and caliber of work the SRC provides the NPS, and I am extremely grateful to have the opportunity to work alongside  the team on more trips this upcoming summer. Stay tuned for my next blog from an expedition to a shipwreck you just might have heard about – RMS Titanic.

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Welcome to WA!

Hi everyone!! My name is Teagan Cunningham, and I am honored to be the Our World Underwater Scholarship Society’s 2024 Dr. Lee H. Somers American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) Scientific Diving Intern. I will spend my internship gaining my AAUS Scientific Diving certification and learning new ways to combine my love of research with scuba diving!

A little about me… I am from Saddle River, NJ. I graduated from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, ME in December of 2022 with a Bachelor of Arts in Earth and Oceanographic Science. I have always had a love for the ocean: growing up going to the Jersey Shore in the summer. After graduation I moved to Key Largo, FL where I obtained my PADI Divemaster certification and started working at Rainbow Reef Dive Center as a dive guide! I began my internship in June of 2024 at the Shannon Point Marine Center in Anacortes, WA!

The Our World Underwater Scholarship Society’s 50th Anniversary

May 31st, 2024 – Prior to the start of my internship, I traveled home to NJ and then to NYC for the 50th Anniversary celebration of the Our World Underwater Scholarship Society. OWUSS hosted an exciting weekend filled with impactful presentations and dinner events bringing together passionate leaders in the underwater world. Since it was the 50th anniversary, OWUSS went big having the first Alumni Symposium in which previous scholars and interns of OWUSS presented a little about themselves and the exciting new ocean related work they are doing. Everyone was so welcoming, kind, and truly willing to help the new generation of ocean advocates. I am so grateful to be part of this inspiring group of leaders and ocean enthusiasts. Thank you to OWUSS, the Times Center, New York Yacht Club, and the Explorers Club for a wonderful weekend! After the jam-packed weekend, I stayed in New York to participate in World Ocean’s Week hosted by the Explorer’s Club. This week continued the amazing presentations by ocean leaders around the world including a discussion panel with Dr. Sylvia Earle. These presentations and panels were followed by cocktail hours in which I had the opportunity to meet the influential people I aspire to be like!

Welcome to the Shannon Point Marine Center and Cold-Water Diving!

June 10th, 2024 – I traveled from NJ to WA! As we started to make our final descent into Seattle, I remember seeing the mountains to my right and immediately was giddy. I had never seen the mountains towering over the water like that. After I collected all my luggage, I hopped on the bus to make the 2-hour ride North to Anacortes, WA. As we pulled into the marina parking lot, one of my advisors Dr. Derek Smith was waiting for me! Derek is the Laboratory Manager and a Research Assistant Professor in Marine and Coastal Science. He was also the President of AAUS from 2020-2021. I then arrived at the Shannon Point Marine Center: my home for the next two months! The Shannon Point Marine Center (SPMC) is the marine and environmental science campus for Western Washington University (WWU).

The first week of my internship was packed with introductions, e-learning, and CPR/ First Aid training. I met my housemates, who would become like my family, 8 Research Education for Undergraduates (REU) students, 2 WWU art students, and Ayden Jacobs: the OWUSS AAUS Mitchell Scientific Diving Research Intern. Captain Nate Schwarck, the Diving and Boating Safety Officer (DSO), and Derek gave us a tour of the facilities including the marine labs and scuba dive locker. All the faculty and staff at Shannon Point were overwhelmingly kind and down to earth. They put together a potluck welcome lunch to get to know each other which was by far my favorite part of my first week. We got to enjoy great food like enchiladas and orzo salad while hearing about the exciting research that’s going to take place this summer. Then it was time to get down to business! Our summer scientific dive team is Derek, Nate, Ayden, Ana Hoffman Sole (REU student), Larkin Garden (REU student), Katie Shaw (WWU student), Torren Lawley (WWU Student), Hannah Allen (WWU student), Jaime Blais (WWU graduate student), and me. During the first week, I began the electronic portion of my scientific dive class to refresh my memory on basic dive skills, safety, and new techniques for additional equipment use underwater. I also completed the e-learning and in-person practical DAN Diving First Aid version 3.0 training including emergency oxygen administration, basic first aid, and CPR.

During the next couple weeks of my internship, we began our in-water training sessions including pool sessions, open water checkouts, rescue skills, and navigation training. We had three 2+ hour pool sessions at the local pool and fitness center to refine our diving skills such as regulator removal, mask removal and clear, buoyancy checks, and gear removal and replace. We also completed the swim test which includes a 400 yd swim in under 12 minutes, 25 yd underwater swim in a single breath, 10-minute tread, and 25 yd swimming tow.

Following the pool sessions, we drove over to do our first couple open water dives at Rosario Beach. On June 25th, I did my first cold water dive as well as my first shore dive where we were thrown right into the cold, murky, and current filled water of Salish Sea. Thankfully Rosario Beach is in a protected cove, so there was some current but nothing we couldn’t handle. The view was spectacular looking out over the water to see gorgeous snow-covered mountain tops in the distance. This was the real first time (other than from the plane) I had seen mountains so close to the ocean! It was sublime. This insane dive site was where we completed our open water skill checkouts, proving our diving proficiency.

Salish Sea diving is nothing like I have ever done before. I went from the warm 80-degree waters of South Florida to the Pacific Northwest overnight. While it was a shock to trade-in my 2mm shortie wetsuit for an 8mm semi-dry suit, I have embraced all the extra gear, weight, and scientific diving tools to now consider myself a pro. Not really a pro… but getting there!

During the rest of the last week of June, we finished the bulk of our in-water checkouts at Rosario Beach for our scientific diving class specifically focusing on learning new rescue techniques and underwater navigation. The rescue skills included various water exit carries for an unconscious victim, tired diver tows, unconscious diver from depth rescues, unconscious diver at the surface rescues, conscious surface rescue, panicked diver scenarios, and CPR. The one-to-one unconscious victim shoreline exits were particularly difficult resulting in some collapsing, but the victim made it to land where more help was waiting to assist! It was very important for the rescue breaths to be methodically given every 5 seconds during the entire long surface swim to shore without sacrificing speed to give the victim the best chance of survival.

Our navigation and light salvage dives (transporting 10+ lbs. of debris to the surface) included conducting a semi-circle search pattern to find a lift bag which we then used to bring a cinderblock to the surface safely from depth. We then practiced conducting a full circle search with a meter tape. After the search patterns, we completed a large kids puzzle underwater to test our buoyancy and multi-tasking ability. Lastly, we practiced our compass usage and fin kick counting by taking a heading and swimming a reciprocal while accounting for current. This dive was my longest cold-water dive to date with a bottom time of 35 minutes and only my feet got cold!

Our diving education continued beyond underwater skills. Ayden and I assisted Nate in visually inspecting every scuba cylinder in the dive locker (about 30). The inside and outside of scuba cylinders need to be inspected every year to make sure you are breathing out of a properly cared for cylinder. Cracks, bulges, corrosion, cuts, gouges, and paint chips can develop on the inside and outside the cylinder over time due to mishandling. Discussions of various scientific papers focusing on diving safety, regulations, future dive medicine, and hazards were had as well. These papers included recreational, scientific, and commercial diving focusing on limits of recreational and scientific diving. My favorite is the 2012 Dardeau et. al paper titled “The incidence of decompression illness in 10 years of scientific diving.” It was so interesting to see the statistics of recompression therapy and how successful it truly is with it providing a full recovery in 28/33 DCI (decompression illness) cases.

I am so excited for the rest of my internship when we begin to assist in ongoing research projects here in Anacortes!

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Breathing in a loop: XCCR training in cave country

I am starting my internship with the National Parks Service by completing a lifelong dream of mine, getting trained to dive on a closed circuit rebreather (CCR). I have yet to meet the Submerged Resources Center (SRC) team beyond our phone calls, but they have sent over an XCCR for me to use for training while taking a weeklong course in the springs of northern Florida, otherwise regarded as the cave diving capital.  Opening the green pelican case to be greeted by the unit inside with National Parks Service badges embroidered on its wing was a very surreal moment, the first of many to come. I will be joined by University of Miami Diving Safety Officer (DSO) Jason Nunn and Jessica Keller who are undergoing their XCCR instructor training from Randy Thornton. Sub Gravity shop manager Brian Sanders-Smith and I will be learning how to walk for the first time over the next week; CCR diving flips open circuit on its head quite literally. The physics of buoyancy operates in a vastly different way from what we’ve grown accustomed to with conventional open circuit diving.   

On Sunday, I meet Jason at the UM Dive Safety Office. All our equipment is staged and ready to be loaded after going through checklists throughout the week to ensure nothing is left behind. Just 15 minutes later, the bed and backseat of his truck are filled with all the equipment we could possibly need over the next week. Five hours on the road and an infinite round of CCR questions I’ve been occupying Jason’s time with, and we finally get to Randy’s house near High Springs, FL where we meet Jess and start to unload all our gear. Randy’s house is set up for exactly this, and I’m happy to be staying with him during this time, making morning setups and evening breakdowns incredibly efficient after long days of diving. We’re expecting Randy and Brian to get in from Utah late at night, so we head to bed; smiling all day is tiring. 

The XCCR unit the SRC team has generously lent me for my training. Staged in Randy Thorntons purpose-built garage and ready for a dive the following morning.

Unfortunately, due to car issues, Randy and Brian only got in around eight the following morning, but after a quick power nap, we got straight to work. We spent the entire day reviewing the units’ components and building it up for a dive. It’s hard to wrap your brain around all the new information thrown at you; saying it is a steep learning curve is an understatement. Luckily for me, I’ve been a complete XCCR nerd over the past year and have read through the manual on multiple occasions.  Never did I imagine I would be getting my hands on one so soon, and the thought that I’ll be diving it tomorrow is simply inconceivable.  Before you know it it’s dinner time, and we go out for pizza to discuss pressing topics: Is the pizza in NY infinitely better than Florida?  Yes. Is it really the water? I can’t say, but it’s in a league of its own, although I might be biased growing up in the northeast. 

Before we can get into the water at Ginnie Springs, home of well-known caves such as the Devil’s Spring System, we have an extensive predive checklist we must go through thoroughly. Overlooking a step or becoming complacent with these can lead to serious diving emergencies and jeopardize the safety and lives of you and your dive team. We hit the water midday by Ginnie Ballroom and prepare to be humbled, growing accustomed to controlling buoyancy and managing three different air spaces. We progress slowly to incorporate some basic drills, and by the end of the day, we get to poke our heads down into the Ballroom, a cavern just below our feet with mesmerizing beauty. The rest of the evening is spent recalibrating my brain to the new physics of CCR diving, rehearsing drills in my head, and digesting all the new information. 

Group photo before our first dive at Ginnie Springs. From left: Randy, myself, Jess, Jason, and Brian.

We spend the next two days at Blue Grotto, about an hour’s ride away from Randy’s. Morning checks to make sure everything is in the car before we leave becomes routine, always double-checking your lunch isn’t being left behind. We focus on getting comfortable with emergency drills, dealing with issues associated with hypoxia, hyperoxia, hypercapnia, lost gas, and failures. Creating the neural pathways for these new motions is only one component.  However, having to actively think through the procedures  is a critical part of diving on a rebreather; how your actions  will  affect the loop you are breathing and the gas composition in it means everything.  Constantly playing with your buoyancy throughout this makes keeping track of your thought process difficult, so repetitions matter, and soon enough, all our long discussions about theory start syncing with proper responses. We get to experience the cavern area in Blue Grotto, and with depth comes the welcomed ease of buoyancy control. Blue Grotto is also home to a permanent resident, Virgil, a soft-shell turtle who seems to find a way of paying a visit at the most inconvenient time, swimming within inches of Jess’s and Brian’s masks in the middle of a drill to reclaim his status as the center of attention. After a long day of learning from our mistakes and rehearsing drills, it concludes with some much-needed sushi and completing the remaining final written exams. No rolls are left behind, and any stragglers are added to Jess’s “breakfast sushi platter” (a brilliant idea if you ask me).

Completing a Pre-Breathe while closely monitoring pO2. Photo credit: Randy

The final day is a bittersweet experience. While  I’m excited to graduate from the confines of Blue Grotto and be certified, I’m subduing  the  thoughts that are screaming at me, which means tomorrow I won’t be in the water.  I’ve grown to love the steep learning curve and challenges,  driving  me to want to become as proficient as possible  which  will require hours and hours of practice and logging more dive time, something I’m greatly looking forward to. A massive weather system is pushing its way through the area, and on our way to our home away from home (Blue Grotto), we encounter multiple downed trees, detours, and close calls. Hesitant that the Grotto will remain closed because of lightning, we decide to keep pushing forward, even if that means driving around downed trees on dirt shoulders. By the time we arrive, the skies are clearing, almost as a reward for persevering through the doubts running through everyone’s heads on the ride over. Checks, checks, checks, and then we hit the water, demonstrating skills in conjunction with problem-solving surprise scenarios. We take a tour of the deepest corner Blue Grotto has to offer at thirty meters and follow the cave line, conscious not to silt the narrow corridor and make a mess of the visibility.  Our way up follows a steep and tight slalom-like pass, and we head to the surface to discuss our next task: rescues. If I had to categorize my first rescue attempt, it would be “acrobatic”, and that is being generous. Maintaining and controlling six air spaces is a challenge at best and requires a feel you can only develop with more practice and failed attempts. Caution was my friend on future tries, and after closing discussions, we got to shake each other’s hands as new XCCR divers (Brian and I) and new XCCR Instructors (Jason and Jess)!  The fun didn’t stop there; I had my first-ever peanut butter and jelly sandwich awaiting me in the cooler for lunch. It was good, it was really good, actually it was really really good, and the more bites I took  the  bigger  the smile got on my face I  just  could not hide it.  Peanut butter and jelly, who knew. 

The final day of training and I still find myself questioning if this is really happening. Photo credit: Jason

With a new world of diving adventures ahead of us we got back to Randy’s to sanitize and break down our units. I assured Randy I’ll be pestering  him in the future to do  a full  cave course; the peace and almost meditative-like state of diving silently in a dark cave  is something that  still leaves me drooling. That night, we all enjoy laughing at our mistakes made over the course of the week. My personalhighlight reel would include bouncing like a basketball off the bottom while attempting semi-closed rebreather drills and my initial cirque du soleil inspired demonstration of a rescue. We all say our farewells in the morning, load up Jason’s truck  one more time, and head back to Miami. This experience has been humbling, inspiring, and rewarding. I am grateful for being taught by such amazing talent and receiving feedback and instruction from Randy, Jess, and Jason.

Our five units all lined up in front of Blue Grotto. From left: Brian, Randy, Jess, myself, and Jason.

But just when I thought my week wouldn’t get any better, Jason and I conspired to dive the following day in Key Largo on the USS Spiegel Grove, all while on the car ride back.  Forecasts are just too good to spend the day out of the water.  As soon as we get our gear unloaded, we go over a dive plan, pack our scrubbers, and load the truck yet  again. The Spiegel is a five-hundred-and-ten-foot-long US Navy dock landing ship decommissioned in 1989 and sunk as an artificial reef off the coast of Key Largo in 2002. The following morning, we hit the water by nine thirty for our two-hour deco dive, and to be quite honest, I am  still digesting what my eyes saw. Spending an hour and a half at depth  between forty-five and thirty meters exploring the ship’s multiple decks and interior rooms while being accompanied by four reef sharks all in complete silence has  easily  jumped to the best dive experience I have yet to have, making past open circuit tech dives seem recreational in comparison.  All  these highlights and I haven’t even fully started my time with the SRC team yet. What adventures await on my upcoming trip to Isle Royale NP can’t come soon enough. 

Following Jason through one of the many tight and dark spaces we explored in the Spiegel, always helps to have a local lead the way!

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